Adaptive Sync: FreeSync, G-Sync, and VESA Adaptive-Sync

What is adaptive sync?

Traditional monitors refresh their picture at a fixed rate, such as 60 times per second (60Hz). A graphics card, however, produces frames at a rate that varies depending on the game, scene complexity, and GPU load. When the monitor's refresh rate and the GPU's frame rate don't line up, you get visual artifacts: screen tearing (the image splits) or stuttering (frames repeat).

Adaptive sync, also known as variable refresh rate (VRR), lets the monitor change its refresh rate on the fly to match the GPU's output. Instead of waiting for the next fixed refresh interval, the display updates as soon as a new frame is ready. This produces a smoother, more responsive image. For a deeper look at refresh rates and how they affect motion, see our refresh rate guide.

How variable refresh rate works

The HDMI specification describes VRR as enabling 'a gaming source such as a console or computer to deliver video frames as fast as it can, which in many cases is slower than the normal static refresh rate.' This means the display no longer strictly adheres to a fixed refresh interval. Instead, it waits for the source to provide a complete frame, then displays it immediately.

Why is this important? Graphics processors require different amounts of time to render each frame, depending on scene complexity and GPU load. If the GPU finishes late compared to the display's fixed schedule, the display must either repeat the current frame or show a partially rendered one, causing judder and tearing. VRR eliminates this by synchronizing the update. For more on how VRR compares with traditional vsync, see our vsync and adaptive sync guide.

NVIDIA G-Sync and its tiers

NVIDIA's G-Sync is a proprietary adaptive sync technology for GeForce-based systems. According to NVIDIA, G-Sync displays are 'rigorously tested to the highest standards' and deliver smooth, tear-free immersion. There are three tiers: G-Sync Ultimate, G-Sync, and G-Sync Compatible.

G-Sync Ultimate features top G-Sync processors and delivers 'ultimate HDR, stunning contrast, cinematic color, and ultra-low-latency gameplay.' Standard G-Sync also includes a dedicated NVIDIA G-Sync processor and provides a full variable refresh rate range and variable overdrive, eliminating tearing, stuttering, and input lag. G-Sync Compatible monitors lack the NVIDIA processor but have been validated by NVIDIA to offer a basic VRR experience without artifacts.

NVIDIA also offers features like G-Sync Pulsar, which uses backlight strobing to multiply motion clarity, and Reflex Analyzer, a system latency measurement tool. These are optional extras on high-end displays. If you have an NVIDIA graphics card, a G-Sync or G-Sync Compatible monitor is a safe choice. For a selection of gaming monitors, see our best gaming monitors guide.

HDMI VRR and open standards

Beyond proprietary solutions, the HDMI specification includes its own variable refresh rate feature. HDMI VRR is described as reducing 'or eliminates lag, judder and frame tearing for more fluid and better detailed gameplay.' It is part of the HDMI 2.2 specification's 'Enhanced Gaming Features,' along with Auto Low Latency Mode (ALLM) and Quick Frame Transport (QFT).

If you plan to use a console or a PC that supports HDMI VRR, look for a monitor with an HDMI 2.2 (or later) port that explicitly lists VRR support. Our HDMI versions guide explains the differences between HDMI versions.

Choosing the right adaptive sync for your setup

The best adaptive sync technology for you depends on your graphics card and your performance expectations. If you own an NVIDIA GPU, G-Sync and G-Sync Compatible monitors are tailored for your hardware. G-Sync offers a certified, high-end experience with a wide range of adjustments, while G-Sync Compatible provides a more affordable path to tear-free gaming.

If you have an AMD GPU or use a console, HDMI VRR is a solid option, as it is part of the HDMI standard and works independently of the GPU brand. However, always confirm that your specific GPU and monitor both support the same VRR version. For competitive gamers, a high refresh rate display (144Hz or 240Hz) combined with adaptive sync gives the smoothest motion. Explore our 144Hz monitor picks or 240Hz monitor picks for ideas.

What to pick for your use

Questions

What is the difference between G-Sync and FreeSync?

G-Sync is NVIDIA's proprietary adaptive sync technology, while FreeSync is AMD's implementation. Both aim to eliminate screen tearing by syncing the monitor's refresh rate to the GPU's frame rate. If you have an NVIDIA GPU, G-Sync and G-Sync Compatible monitors are tested to work with it. For AMD GPUs, look for FreeSync support. Always check compatibility before buying.

Do I need adaptive sync if I have a 60Hz monitor?

Yes, adaptive sync helps even at 60Hz if your GPU produces frame rates below 60 FPS. It prevents tearing and reduces stuttering in that situation. However, to get the full benefit, you'll want a refresh rate range that covers the frame rates your GPU typically outputs.

Does adaptive sync work over HDMI?

Yes. The HDMI 2.2 specification includes Variable Refresh Rate as an enhanced gaming feature. If your monitor and GPU support HDMI VRR, you can use adaptive sync over HDMI.

What is G-Sync Compatible?

G-Sync Compatible is a validation program from NVIDIA. These monitors do not contain NVIDIA's proprietary G-Sync processor, but NVIDIA has tested and confirmed they deliver a basic variable refresh rate experience without artifacts or stutter.

Can I use adaptive sync on a console?

Some consoles support VRR over HDMI. If your console and monitor both support HDMI VRR, you can enjoy tear-free gameplay. Check the console's output settings and the monitor's VRR capability.

How do I know if a monitor has adaptive sync?

Look for the terms G-Sync, G-Sync Compatible, FreeSync, or VRR in the monitor's specifications. The presence of an HDMI 2.2 port may also indicate VRR support, but always confirm the exact features in the manual.

Does adaptive sync work with all graphics cards?

Not all. G-Sync works with NVIDIA GPUs, while HDMI VRR works with both NVIDIA and AMD GPUs if they support it. Always check your GPU's specifications to see which VRR technologies are supported.